RELATIVE CLAUSES

I. Mệnh đề tính từ hay mệnh đề quan hệ được đặt sau danh từ nó phụ nghĩa, được nối bằng các đại từ quan hệ: WHO, WHOM, WHICH, THAT, WHOSE, và trạng từ quan hệ: WHERE, WHY, WHEN.
1. WHO: thay thế cho người, làm chủ từ trong MĐQH.
Ex: - I need to meet the boy. The boy is my friend’s son.
( I need to meet the boy who is my friend’s son.
- The woman is standing over there. She is my sister.
(The woman who is standing over there is my sister.
2. WHOM: thay thế cho người, làm túc từ trong MĐQH.
Ex:- I know the girl. I spoke to this girl.
( I know the girl whom I spoke to.
- The man is my teacher. Your father is talking to him.
( The man whom your father is talking to is my teacher.
3. WHICH: thay thế cho vật, đồ vật; làm chủ từ, túc từ trong MĐQH.
Ex: - She works for a company. It makes cars
( She works for a company which makes cars.
- The elephants are big. People keep the elephants in iron cages.
( The elephants which people keep in iron cages are big.
4. THAT: thay thế cho người, vật; làm chủ từ, túc từ trong MĐQH.
Ex: - I need to meet the boy that is my friend’s son.
- The woman that is standing over there is my sister.
- I know the girl that I spoke to.
- The man that your father is talking to is my teacher.
- She works for a company that makes cars.
- The elephants that people keep in iron cages are big.
5. WHOSE (OF WHICH): thay thế cho sở hữu của người, vật (his-, her-, its-, their-).
Ex: - John found the cat. Its leg was broken.
( John found the cat whose leg/(the leg of which) was broken.
- This is the student. I borrowed his book.
(This is the student whose book I borrowed.
6. WHERE: thay thế cho cụm từ chỉ nơi chốn: there, at that place.
Ex: - The movie theater is the place. We can see films at that place.
( The movie theater is the place where we can see films.
7. WHY: thay thế cho cụm trạng từ chỉ lí do: for that reason.
Ex: - Tell me the reason. You are so sad for that reason.
( Tell me the reason why you are so sad.
8. WHEN: thay thế cho cụm từ chỉ thời gian: then, at that time, on that day.
Ex: - Do you remember the day. We first met on that day.
( Do you remember the day when we first met?
DANH TỪ
CHỦ TỪ
TÚC TỪ
SỞ HỮU

Người
WHO/THAT
WHO(M)/THAT
WHOSE

Vật/Đ.vật
WHICH/THAT
WHICH/THAT
WHOSE/OF WHICH

Nơi chốn
WHERE

Lý do
WHY

Thời gian
WHEN

II. Giới từ đặt trước mệnh đề tính từ: (WHOM/WHICH)
Ex: - The man speaks English very fast. I talked to him last night.
( The man to whom I talked last night speaks English very fast.
- The house is for sale. I was born in it.
( The house in which I was born is for sale.
* LƯU Ý: KHÔNG dùng THAT sau giới từ.
The house in that I was born is for sale.
III. OF WHICH / OF WHOM:
Ex: - Daisy has three brothers. All of them are teachers.
( Daisy has three brothers, all of whom are teachers.
- He asked me a lot of questions. I couldn’t answer most of them.
( He asked me a lot of questions, most of which I couldn’t answer.
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EXERCISES (RELATIVE CLAUSES)
I/ Circle the letter of the correct answer to complete the sentence
1. That’s my friend_______________ comes from Japan.
A. which B. who C. whom D. where.
2. The plants which______________ in the living room need a lot of water.
A. are B. be C. is D. was
3. She’s the woman_______________ sister looks after the baby for us.
A. who